PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.